Binary
Binary is the fundamental number system used by computers to store and process data. It is a base-2 numeral system, which
means it uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number represents an increasing power of 2, starting from
the rightmost digit. Binary is efficient for computers because digital circuits can easily represent two states, such as
on/off or true/false, using 0 and 1. All forms of data, including text, images, and sound, are ultimately converted into
binary code for processing by computer hardware. For example, the binary number 101 represents
1 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰ = 5 in decimal form.
Hexadecimal
The hexadecimal system, or base-16, is a numeral system that uses sixteen symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, and F. It is commonly used in computing and digital electronics because it provides a more compact way to represent
binary data. Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to four binary digits (bits). For example, the binary number 10101111
can be written as AF in hexadecimal. Hexadecimal is frequently used in programming for memory addresses,
color codes in web design (e.g., #FF5733), and representing machine-level instructions in a readable format.