Decimal
The decimal system, also known as the base-10 numeral system, is the most familiar and widely used number system in everyday life. It uses ten symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Each digit's position represents a power of 10, making it easy to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The decimal system is deeply ingrained in human culture and society, largely because humans have ten fingers, which historically influenced the way we count and develop numerical systems.
Binary
Binary is the fundamental number system used by computers to store and process data. It is a base-2 numeral system, which
means it uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number represents an increasing power of 2, starting from
the rightmost digit. Binary is efficient for computers because digital circuits can easily represent two states, such as
on/off or true/false, using 0 and 1. All forms of data, including text, images, and sound, are ultimately converted into
binary code for processing by computer hardware. For example, the binary number 101 represents
1 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰ = 5 in decimal form.