Binary
Binary is the fundamental number system used by computers to store and process data. It is a base-2 numeral system, which
means it uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number represents an increasing power of 2, starting from
the rightmost digit. Binary is efficient for computers because digital circuits can easily represent two states, such as
on/off or true/false, using 0 and 1. All forms of data, including text, images, and sound, are ultimately converted into
binary code for processing by computer hardware. For example, the binary number 101 represents
1 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰ = 5 in decimal form.
Text
Text refers to sequences of characters that convey readable information to humans. In computing, text is represented using encoding systems like ASCII or Unicode, which map each character to a numeric value. Text data is widely used in applications ranging from simple documents and communication to complex programming and data processing. The flexibility of text as a medium for communication makes it a fundamental part of human-computer interaction. Modern systems often rely on Unicode because it supports a vast range of characters from different languages and symbols, enabling global communication.